Factors that determine female entrepreneurial intention: A systematic review of the literature

Abstract

Purpose: The interest of women in entrepreneurship is considered a catalyst for economic growth in developing countries. However, female representation among entrepreneurs remains comparatively low in relation to their male counterparts, a phenomenon that has garnered the attention of numerous researchers. The present study aims to analyze the entrepreneurial intentions of university students through a systematic review of the extant literature. It seeks to identify the most salient thematic trends, understand the factors that determine these intentions, and highlight the challenges and opportunities in this field. The study's overarching objective is to furnish a framework to guide future research by exploring existing gaps and potential connections between key theories and variables within the context of female university entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach: A systematic review of the literature based on PRISMA 2020 is proposed, which synthesizes quantitative and qualitative literature on the subject.

Findings: Research on entrepreneurial intention among university women has grown exponentially, focusing on "self-efficacy.” Concepts such as "Covid-19" and "entrepreneurial passion" are highlighted. The prevailing theories include the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), which provides a solid framework. Attitude, subjective norms, self-efficacy, entrepreneurial education, and behavioral control were key variables. Gaps include preferences for TPB and a lack of understanding of emerging economies and gender. A comprehensive agenda is needed to address these gaps and to advance the understanding of entrepreneurial intentions among university women.

Originality/value: This study's originality lies in its comprehensive systematic review of the literature on entrepreneurial intentions among university women. It stands out for its detailed analysis of dominant theories, key variables, and identified research gaps in this field. Moreover, the study's cross-cutting focus on the concept of 'self-efficacy' and the inclusion of emerging themes such as entrepreneurial passion and social support, along with the potential impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, add a current and relevant dimension to understanding women's entrepreneurial motivations in the university context.